Los conocimientos indígenas y locales (CIL) han sido desarrollados a lo largo de siglos y milenios por los pueblos originarios y comunidades locales (PICL) que son dinámicos y en constante transformación. Constituyen una fuente única y rica de información sobre la biodiversidad y representan un aspecto importante de la diversidad cultural y del comportamiento de los seres humanos. En los últimos años, se ha reconocido cada vez más que los CIL desempeñan un papel importante en la toma de decisiones, la gestión, las políticas y las evaluaciones medioambientales. El documento se fundamenta en los debates que han tenido lugar durante la última década entre el Grupo Especialista sobre Uso Sostenible y Medios de Subsistencia de la CPAES de la UICN y el Comité de la Lista Roja de la CSE de la UICN, y se basa en la experiencia del Enfoque para el reconocimiento de los CIL de la IPBES. Los CIL y la ciencia son ‘sistemas de conocimiento’ diferentes que comparten algunas características y deben considerarse complementarios. Los CIL tienen el mismo valor y se aplican como información de otras fuentes o sistemas de conocimiento, utilizando los mismos campos del SIS en el proceso de la Lista Roja. Sin embargo, las formas de ingresar los CIL varían, lo que requiere un enfoque flexible. En principio, no existen obstáculos a priori para aplicar los CIL en la Lista Roja, que trata por igual la información de todos los sistemas de conocimiento. Sin embargo, el ingreso de los CIL no es sencillo y se requiere un enfoque considerado y sensible frente a los PICL, lo que plantea algunos desafíos prácticos y logísticos. Se necesita un programa concertado por parte de la UICN (Comité de la Lista Roja, SULI, CPAES, entre otros) junto con los principales socios, para garantizar una aplicación exhaustiva y eficaz de los conocimientos tradicionales en las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja.

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